Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the digestive system of children (and adults) when they consume gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. In children with celiac disease, eating gluten triggers an immune response that damages the lining of the small intestine, leading to various health issues.
Key Features of Celiac Disease in Kids:
- Symptoms:
- Gastrointestinal Symptoms:
- Abdominal pain and bloating
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Nausea and vomiting
- Poor appetite
- Non-Gastrointestinal Symptoms:
- Unexplained weight loss or failure to thrive
- Fatigue and weakness
- Delayed growth and puberty
- Skin rashes, such as dermatitis herpetiformis (itchy, blistering rash)
- Dental issues, like enamel defects
- Gastrointestinal Symptoms:
- Diagnosis:
- Blood Tests: Tests for specific antibodies (e.g., anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies) that are commonly elevated in celiac disease.
- Genetic Testing: Checking for specific genetic markers (HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8) associated with celiac disease.
- Endoscopy and Biopsy: A gastroenterologist may perform an endoscopy to take a biopsy of the small intestine, looking for damage to the villi, which absorb nutrients.
- Causes:
- The exact cause of celiac disease is not fully understood, but it involves a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. It can be triggered by infections, significant life changes, or dietary introductions of gluten.
- Management:
- Gluten-Free Diet: The primary treatment for celiac disease is adhering to a strict gluten-free diet, which means avoiding all foods and products that contain wheat, barley, and rye.
- Nutritional Support: A registered dietitian can help create a balanced gluten-free meal plan and address any nutritional deficiencies that may have developed.
- Regular Monitoring: Follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor the child’s health and ensure adherence to the diet.
- When to Seek Help:
- If a child shows symptoms suggestive of celiac disease or if there’s a family history of the condition, it’s important to consult a pediatrician for further evaluation.
Conclusion
Celiac disease can significantly impact a child’s health and development, but with proper diagnosis and a strict gluten-free diet, children can lead healthy and active lives. Early intervention is key to preventing complications and ensuring optimal growth and well-being. If you have specific questions or concerns about celiac disease in children, feel free to ask!
https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/health-conditions-and-treatments/celiac-disease-and-your-child